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SUPRESION NOCTURNA CON ALTA DOSIS DE DEXAMETASONA Y TEST DE METOPIRONA EN EL DIAGNOSTICO ETIOLOGICO DEL SINDROME DE CUSHING MARIA A. ROSSI, RAUL A. CHERVIN, OSCAR D. BRUNO División Endocrinología, Hospital de Clínicas José de San
Martín, Facultad de Medicina,
Palabras clave: hipercortisolismo, prueba dexametasona,
prueba metopirona, síndrome Resumen El síndrome de Cushing (SC) es un trastorno grave aunque curable para el que se han propuesto diferentes estrategias de diagnóstico etiopatogénico. Entre ellas, los tests que exploran la regulación de la secreción de cortisol son de gran utilidad aunque no existe homogeneidad de criterios respecto a la elección de los mismos. En este estudio se investigaron 61 pacientes de 13-61 años con SC, quienes fueron clasificados según hallazgos quirúrgicos, patológicos y evolución post-tratamiento, en: de origen pituitario 41, por tumor adrenal 16 y SC ectópico 4. En la totalidad de los pacientes se realizó una prueba de inhibición de la cortisolemia con una dosis nocturna de 8 mg de dexametasona. En 43 de ellos, se efectuó además un test de metopirona con medición de 11-desoxicortisol sérico. Ambas pruebas evidenciaron valores elevados de sensibilidad, especificidad, índice de validez y poder predictivo positivo, obteniéndose los porcentajes mayores (97, 100, 98 y 100%, respectivamente) con su empleo conjunto. El uso combinado de ambos testsconstituye un medio simple y con elevados criterios de validez para el diagnóstico etiológico del SC. Abstract Validity of nocturnal high dose dexamethasone and metyrapone tests for the etiological diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. Different approaches are used to determine the cause of Cushing’s syndrome (CS). In this study we evaluated the validity of nocturnal high dose dexamethasone and metyrapone testsin patients with CS of different etiology. A total of 61 patients (51 women, 10 men), aged 13-61, were studied. Definitive etiological diagnosis was established on imaging, surgical and pathological findings, and/or the clinical evolution after treatment. On that basis, the patients were classified as follows: 41 with Cushing’s disease, 16 with adrenal tumors (11 adenomas and 5 carcinomas) and 4 with ectopic CS. Nocturnal dexamethasone (8 mg) test was carried out in all the patients; in 43 out of the 61 patients, 11-deoxicortisol responses to mety-rapone were also determined. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and positive predictive power for the diagnosis of pituitary CS were calculated for both tests. For the nocturnal dexamethasone test, values were 85, 100, 90 and 100%, respectively (n = 61); the sensitivity and specificity increased to 95 and 97% by repeating the test in six false negative patients. Results for the metyrapone test were 90, 85, 88 and 93%, respectively (n = 43). When both tests were considered together, the values were 97, 100, 98 and 100% higher, although not significantly, than those for each separate test (n = 43). In conclusion, we believe that the combination of metyrapone and nocturnal high dose dexamethasone tests carried out on an outpatient basis has enough sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy and positive predictive value to be employed as an easy and low cost strategy in the etiological diagnosis of CS. Recibido:22-III-95 Aceptado: 4-VII-1996 Dirección postal: Dra. María A. Rossi, División Endocrinología, Hospital de Clínicas, Avda.Córdoba 2351, 1120 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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